Article Summary

This article focuses on the effects species have on the ecosystems they habitat. From the study ecologists  concluded that biodiversity has a big impact on how the ecosytems thrive or destroys. I really enjoyed reading this article, it gave me a deeper insight on how ecosystems work. It was well put together and very clear and to the point!
 
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171129120219.htm

The water cycle is the way water goes through a process of a cycle. The process of this cycle is when the water evaporates and then comes down through the mountains and into the rivers, the ocean, being precipitation.



Earth Floor: Cycles. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 May 2017.

The article that I reviewed was called "When oxygen disappeared, early marine animals really started evolving" by  Lucas Joel. The title of the article grabbed my attention right away simply because I was curious to know how lack of oxygen can help marine animals evolve. The article discussed how scientist discovered that the deeper into the ocean they went in the more they saw many creatures that had different characteristics and that seemed to have evolved. They noticed that the deeper into the ocean and the less oxygen, the more the sea creatures seem to have evolved. They came to the conclusion that sea animals tend to evolve with the less exposure to oxygen and the changes to the oxygen exposure has a major impact in their development and evolution. 

The article I read is titled "A framework for using niche models to estimate impacts of climate change on species distributions." The article discusses predicting the geographic distributions of species with the creation of niche models and other popular niche theories. For predicting distribution aa two step process is necessary 1) a model that is applied to sustainability along with a projection of "future predictions" and 2) some type of demographic simulation that estimates a species' continued future.  The author discusses some of the challenges with estimating species distributions. He predicts land use, biotic interactions, along with climate change will have a profound impact on both dispersal and demographic simulations used to predict these. It was an interesting article to read. I never really thought about how how challenging it may be predicting a species' geographic distribution patterns in the future and how important it actually is. 

In this article it was able to explain how the water cycle really worked and how eventually water has multiple routes of leading water back to the three stages of ice, liquid water and also water vapor. 

I have read an article on Hydraulic Fracturing. This article is titled Mathane Found in Well Water near Fracking Sites by David C. Holzman. This scientific article took a neutral view on the hydraulic fracking subject. The author began the article mentioning that in a study of 68 private drinking wells in Pennsylvania and New York, there was methane found in the private wells. Holzman also states that the water has even been known to be flammable. According to a study in the article Holzman mentions that this could be because of multiple reasons. It is shown that only 2% of fracking sites have been known to leak into public water. Holzman proceeds to discuss how many fracking laws are coming into play with the new boom of fracking. 
The author was clear to the point of this article and kept a formal tone. It was clear to the reader he was only stating facts and not his own opinion. 
Holzman, David, Mathane Found in Well Water Near Fracking Site. Environ Health Perspect. 2011 July 1.

Young people in London decided to use a creative way to get other to recognize the pollution around them. They got together with breathing masks on and created a billboard with their picture for everyone to see. They even created a hashtag to have the issue talked about; #warondisel. The billboard was inspired by disel, since that is the cause of their air pollution. They hope the billboard brings up awareness about what air pollution is doing and these young environmentalist protestors join them in order to save the city they live in.

https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/aug/16/young-londoners-launch-independent-air-pollution-billboard-campaign

The article I read was titled: Fracking science needs to catch up with public awareness. In this article, the issue of researchers barely starting to collect data of the potential drawbacks and health risks of fracking, is the main point. Usually, the public does not become aware of health risks until after research has been done and a situation has been addressed, but in this case, the public already suspects there are consequences to using fluids to gain access to oil. I would say this article informs the public of the process and the research that is going on now. I also feel this article does a great job of bringing attention to the fracturing process and what goes into the groundwater and drinking water we rely on.

The fires in Los Angeles county have been highly publicized lately and we've seen the videos of the flames raging. Geographical aspects and weather conditions such as the Santa Ana winds and dryness of the land itself, since California still is coming off of being in drought cause fires to spread rapidly. 

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/blogs/earthmatters/2017/12/07/why-are-the-socal-fires-so-intense/

This article goes over how much more important our Aquatic Biome is compared to the other biomes. The Aquatic Biomes covers nearly 75% of the Earth's surface. It is broken down into two basic regions. One being the Freshwater, which is things like ponds and lakes, and the other being Marine, which covers the ocean and estuaries. Freshwater regions almost always have less than 1% salt concentration. If the salt concentration were to be higher, the plants and  animals living there would die. The Freshwater regions consist of ponds, lakes, rivers, wetlands, and streams. Every environment in each of those regions varies, some things only live in certain areas. The "Marine regions cover about three-fourths of the Earth’s surface and include oceans, coral reefs, and estuaries. Marine algae supply much of the world’s oxygen supply and take in a huge amount of atmospheric carbon dioxide." The regions consist of oceans, coral reefs and estuaries. There are many different parts that break down the ocean in the article as well since it is such a big region. 

Link to Article: 
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/glossary/gloss5/biome/aquatic.html

In this article it discusses the problems of air pollution. "From 2008 to 2013, the WHO compared air quality readings from 795 cities in 67 countries for levels of small and fine particulate matter, which includes sulfates, nitrates, and black carbon. These pollutants penetrate deep within the lungs and the cardiovascular system, increasing the risk of stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and chronic and acute respiratory diseases such as asthma". Air pollution is ignored and not noticed in poorer areas. Poorer communities  suffer more health problems from air pollution.






https://jamanetwork-com.hmlproxy.lib.csufresno.edu/journals/jama/fullarticle/2533515
file:///C:/Users/amber_000/Downloads/jwm160017.pdf

In this article we learned about a multi phased journey of the hydrologic cycle. When the water cycle is happening it is either solid, liquid, or gas. The article first starts off by talking about the water cycle itself and how the pilgrimage of the water molecules is making it way up to the earths surface to the atmosphere and back again. It explains how the system is powered by the suns energy. In class we also learned about the different steps in the cycle evaporation, transportation, sublimation, and emission. Most importantly, the water cycle describes how water evaporates from the surface of the earth, rises into the atmosphere, cools and condenses into rain or snow in clouds, and falls again to the surface as precipitation.

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Water/page2.php