Employers’ Perceptions of Criminal Background Checks, Redemption, and Rehabilitative Credentials
Abstract
As an estimated 1 in 3 Americans have a criminal record, the stigmas associated with past deviant behavior can negatively influence employment opportunities (Ciaravolo, 2011). To limit potential stigmatization and discrimination, Ban-the-Box laws intend to limit employers’ ability to inquire about a criminal record during the initial phase of the application process. Notwithstanding the intentions of such policies, studies have found employers (1) begin to rely on race as a proxy to avoid hiring applicants with criminal histories and (2) do not factor in a criminal record when they lack access to such information (Uggen, 2014). Using a mixed methodological approach, this pilot study measures the attitudes that residents of Philadelphia, PA hold toward formerly incarcerated individuals, the likelihood of recidivism, and the impact on employment (N=23). Additionally, interviews with employers elaborate on the usage of criminal background checks, the perceived potential for redemption, and the use of rehabilitative credentials (N=3). The results indicate the nature of the offense influences perceptions of recidivism and employment suitability. Overall, these results emphasize the possible harmful impact of a label, limited impact of Ban-the-Box rules, and need for an effective way to convey an employment application of an individual with a criminal history.
Abstract
As an estimated 1 in 3 Americans have a criminal record, the stigmas associated with past deviant behavior can negatively influence employment opportunities (Ciaravolo, 2011). To limit potential stigmatization and discrimination, Ban-the-Box laws intend to limit employers’ ability to inquire about a criminal record during the initial phase of the application process. Notwithstanding the intentions of such policies, studies have found employers (1) begin to rely on race as a proxy to avoid hiring applicants with criminal histories and (2) do not factor in a criminal record when they lack access to such information (Uggen, 2014). Using a mixed methodological approach, this pilot study measures the attitudes that residents of Philadelphia, PA hold toward formerly incarcerated individuals, the likelihood of recidivism, and the impact on employment (N=23). Additionally, interviews with employers elaborate on the usage of criminal background checks, the perceived potential for redemption, and the use of rehabilitative credentials (N=3). The results indicate the nature of the offense influences perceptions of recidivism and employment suitability. Overall, these results emphasize the possible harmful impact of a label, limited impact of Ban-the-Box rules, and need for an effective way to convey an employment application of an individual with a criminal history.