Presentation on 'The Fourth Paradigm'

The future of Data Policy
•Advancement in technology has bought about changes in the way information is collected, shared and distributed. •The output/ findings of various research studies should be made available on public domain so that there is benefit for the people engaged in research, policy making, education, etc. •For effective sharing of research findings/results across borders there need for compatible laws (both National and International). This need was highlighted in GEOSS which seeks to connect producers of environmental data with users.
Exchange of Data
•GEOSS acknowledges the importance of data and sharing of data for the research and education needs. •Bermuda Principle centred around the idea of sharing pre-published data on gene sequences. •Berlin declaration supported open access paradigms via internet and promoted internet as a medium of Global scientific knowledge base. Open access contribution included scientific research results, raw data and meta data. Data was stored in an online repository for future reference of the work.
Applicability – for any researcher 
ØSharing of data and information is practiced at various levels to promote education, research, etc. The initiation of Shodh Ganga is a step forward in this direction. ØOnline initiatives like DU net for reading works of authors enables a researcher to read different perspectives of the issue and think around taking research forward by exploring those areas left untouched by the prior works. ØThe rules of plagiarism are in place to motive exploration rather than copying and duplication of work. ØThere is need for availability of data though on various levels so that research can move to the next level. The data base providers can work in coordination with researchers needs to make provision of data. For example, prowess, Bloomberg can revise their databases according to feedback taken from the researcher.
NATIONAL FRAMEWORK OF DATA SHARING
•International policies requires development of a coherent policy and legal framework at national level.
DATA SHARING POLICY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
•Antartica: Antartica data centre works on the guidelines of Article III(1)(C) of Antartica Treaty. Problem is lack of willingness  of researchers to share data. •US: Office of Management and Budget works on the guidelines of Circular A-130 and A-16. Problem is improper restrictive practices. •Europe: Public Sector Information Directive(2003), Infrastructure for Spatial Information Directive (2007), Public Access to Environmental Information Directive(2003). Problem is lack of harmonization of policies and practices. •Australia: Currently does not have an established framework on national data policy but ‘Venturous Australia’ report of 2008 recommended establishment of National Information Strategy. •India: National Data Sharing and Accessibility Policy under Department of Science and Technology. Applies to all data and information created, generated, collected and archived using public funds provided by Government of India directly or through authorized agencies by various Ministries/Departments/Organizations/Agencies and Autonomous bodies.
OECD PRINCIPLES
•At the Seoul Ministerial Meeting on the future of Internet in 2008, OECD ministers endorsed statement of principles on access to research data produced: A.    Openness B.    Flexibility C.   Transparency D.    Legal Conformity E.   Protection of Intellectual Property F.   Formal Responsibility G.   Professionalism H.   Interoperability I.   Quality J.   Security K.    Efficiency L.   Accountability M.    Sustainability

Faced with a growing need for meaningful insights into the workforce, companies are beginning to recognize the enormous, untapped potential in what they already know, and what they could know, about their own people. It's called "people analytics," and it's changing the way companies think about everything from attracting and developing talent to employee engagement and retaining talent. In a world where “one size fits all” no longer applies, data analytics enable companies to hone their talent acquisition, employee compensation and employee retention policies, making them more dynamic, agile and personalized than ever before Various methods for collecting data about employees employee surveys, exit interviews and the tracking of employee life events, relocation data, benefits updates and promotions. More recently, social media platforms such as online discussion groups, blogs and Wikis, can also provide clues about generational and cultural differences. Differentiating Individual Need Analytic data can uncover broader cultural social norms about your employees It can also reveal significant differences among smaller employee segments about the value of employee benefits such as pay, work assignments or workplace flexibility.  The Japanese care most about the organization’s values, putting pay for performance (a commonplace practice in the United States) at the bottom of their list, while in the United States, personal development is considered most important. Segmentation analysis is also an effective tool in human capital design and recruitment allowing employers to classify employees by skills, rather than broad-based job descriptions. In many companies, employees skill sets are entered into database and updated regularly. This helps the organisation in mapping skills and job into logical combinations that leads to judicious use of HR and help employees to develop career.

slide 1 INTRODUCTION 
Discovery of medicine NOT translated into application of medicine.
Challenges faced :

The exponential increase in the rate of discoveries of medical knowledge. vEarlier one “vaid” cured all the diseases, now special fields of medicine has developed. 
In this framework, singularity is defined as a point in time when medicine changes its character and a world in which medical information passes without friction to clinical use "bench to bedside" immediately
slide 2 The Big Data Prescription By Data Analysts
¨Integrate all data ¨Collaborate internally and externally ¨Employ IT-enabled portfolio-decision support ¨Leverage new discovery technologies ¨Deploy sensors and devices ¨Raise clinical-trial efficiency ¨Improve safety and risk management
slide 3 Impact Of The Information Explosion
Øwe face a new challenge due to the exponential increase in the rate of medical knowledge discovery. More than 18 million articles are currently catalogued in the biomedical literature, including over 800,000 added in 2008.Translating all of this emerging medical knowledge into practice is a staggering challenge.
e specialization and sub-specialization.
vThe Healthcare Singularity could be the gateway event to a new Age of Semantic Medicine. vIt gives effective instantaneous dissemination of medical knowledge. vHave the assertion that the healthcare revolution will be universal.